"How do I start RapidMiner Studio regardless, even if the .exe and the scripts fail"

To start RapidMiner Studio regardless, you can open the command line, go to the location where you installed RapidMiner Studio, go to the /lib folder and type in:

java -jar launcher.jar

Note that if using this method to start RapidMiner Studio, updating via the marketplace in the application will
never
work. Also note that this may allocate not enough / too much main memory for the current license, so possibly

-Xmx1024m

needs to be added behind the above command to specify the maximum amount of main memory RapidMiner Studio will use in megabytes.

Furthermore, if using a start script, updating RapidMiner Studio will
not
work if it is installed in a protected location on Windows like C:\Program Files.